New Delhi: The Markazi Taleemi Board (MTB) organized an online session as part of its Master Trainers Programme ocusing on India’s education system on Saturday. The session, titled “A Historical Overview of the Indian Knowledge System,” was presented by Dr. Sadat Hussain. Teachers, students, and professionals from various fields attended the session.

Evolution of the Indian Education System

Dr. Sadat provided a thorough analysis of India’s education system. He traced its evolution and highlighted current challenges. His talk covered historic efforts to democratize education and reduce social inequalities. The discussion focused on the ongoing struggle to provide equal educational opportunities for all.

Caste and Education in India

Dr. Sadat addressed the caste-based hierarchy deeply rooted in India’s education system. Historically, education in the Gurukul system was restricted to upper castes. He emphasized that this issue persists today. Elite groups continue to dominate modern institutions, limiting disadvantaged communities’ access to quality education.

Contributions of Social Reformers

The lecture highlighted the contributions of social reformers like Jyotirao Phule, Savitribai Phule, and Shahu Maharaj. These leaders worked tirelessly to dismantle caste hierarchies and push for universal education. Dr. Sadat praised their efforts in advancing education for all sections of society.

Constituent Assembly Debates on Education

A key part of the session focused on the Constituent Assembly Debates (CAD) related to India’s education policy. Dr. Sadat explained Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’s strong advocacy for universal, free, and compulsory education. He also discussed the roles of Sardar Harnam Singh and K.M. Munshi in drafting the constitutional provisions on education.

Right to Education: Challenges and Debates

Dr. Sadat highlighted the challenges in establishing the Right to Education as a fundamental right. Many leaders, including M. Ruthnaswamy and Alladi Krishnaswamy, expressed concerns about the financial viability of free education for all. Due to these concerns, the provision became part of the Directive Principles of State Policy, making it non-enforceable by law.

Article 45 and Its Significance

Dr. Sadat discussed the Constituent Assembly’s debate on November 23, 1948, concerning the provision for free and compulsory primary education. Article 45 of the Constitution set a timeline for providing education to all children up to the age of 14 within 10 years of the Constitution’s commencement. This reflected the urgency felt by India’s leaders.

A Call for Inclusive Education

Dr. Sadat concluded by stressing the need for renewed efforts to make education inclusive and accessible. He urged continued reforms to address social inequalities and ensure quality education for every child, regardless of background.

The session shed light on the complexities of India’s education system and the ongoing reform efforts. It offered valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and the general public.